Lord Woolf’s Reforms

Paper Title: â€Å"Although settlement, as opposed to suit, represents various issues for a common equity framework these issues have been to a great extent settled by Lord Woolf’s changes. † What is affable equity framework? There are a few definitions for the common equity framework. Each edified arrangement of government necessitates that the state should make accessible to every one of its residents a methods for the equitable and tranquil settlement of questions between them with regards to their individual lawful rights. The methods gave are official courtrooms to which each resident has a sacred right of access.Lord Diplock in Bremer Vulkan Schiffb au and Maschinenfabrik v South India Shipping Corp. [1981] AC 909, HL, p. 976. The support of a lawful framework and methodology must be one of lesser indecencies, that legitimate goals of questions is desirable over blood quarrels, uncontrolled wrongdoing and savagery. M. Bayles, ‘Principles for lawful procedure ’, Law and Philosophy, 5:1 (1986), 33â€57, 57. The principal motivation of a simple soul is to do equity by his own hand. Just at the expense of compelling chronicled endeavors has it been conceivable to supersede in the human spirit the possibility of self-acquired equity by the possibility of equity endowed to authorities.Eduardo J. Couture, ‘The nature of the legal process’, Tulane Law Review, 25 (1950), 1â€28, 7. There have been more than 60 authority writes about the subject of common handling the past. Most recent distributed reports were Evershed Report in 1953, the report of the Winn Committee in 1968, the Cantley Working Party in 1979, the Civil Justice Review in the late 1980s and the Woolf. Each one of those reports are centered around similar articles like how to lessen multifaceted nature, delay and the expense of common case. What are the issues before reforms?This is a negligible think about of the pre-Woolf and post-Woolf common scene withou t gauge insights. As research for the Department of Consumer Affairs (DCA) on the pre-Woolf suit scene (pre-1999) shows that: * half †83% of protected cases in the region courts were close to home injury (PI) claims * generally speaking in any event 75% of cases were inside the little cases or quick track monetary breaking point; in many courts this figure was 85% or more * the higher the estimation of the case, the more probable the two sides were to have legitimate portrayal * PI cases had high repayment rates and few trials.Non-PI cases had a higher extent of preliminaries, and an a lot higher extent of cases pulled back. Obligation cases were well on the way to end in preliminary (38%) and in those the petitioner succeeded. In 96% of all cases going to preliminary the petitioner was effective * In a wide range of cases half of grants or settlements were for ? 1,000 †? 5,000, and a further 25% †33% were for ? 5,000 †? 10,000. Expenses in non-PI cases were gene rally unassuming, and in PI cases around half had expenses of ? 2,000 or less, 24% had over ? 4,000. Wolf ReformsLord Woolf’s way to deal with change was to support the early settlement of debates through a blend of pre-activity conventions, dynamic case the executives by the courts, and cost punishments for parties who irrationally wouldn't endeavor arrangement or consider ADR. Such proof as there is demonstrates that the Woolf changes are working, to the degree that pre-activity conventions are advancing settlement before application is made to the court; most cases are settling prior, and less cases are settling at the entryway of the court.In truth, most cases are currently settled without a consultation. Master Woolf, Access to Justice (Final Report, July 1996), recognized various standards which the common equity framework should meet so as to guarantee access to equity. The framework should: (a) Be simply in the outcomes it conveys; (b) Be reasonable in the manner in w hich it treats disputants; (c) Offer proper methodology at a sensible cost; (d) Deal with cases with sensible speed; (e) Be justifiable to the individuals who use it; (f) Be receptive to the necessities of the individuals who use it; g) Provide as much assurance as the idea of the specific case permits; and (h) Be successful: enough resourced and composed. The deformities Lord Woolf recognized in our current framework were that it is: (a) Too costly in that the expenses frequently surpass the estimation of the case; (b) Too delayed in carrying cases to an end; (c) Too inconsistent: there is an absence of correspondence between the amazing, affluent defendant and the under resourced disputant; (d) Too questionable: the trouble of guaging what prosecution will cost and to what extent it will last actuates the dread of the obscure; (e) Incomprehensible to numerous prosecutors; f) Too divided in the manner in which it is composed since there is nobody with away from obligation regarding the organization of common equity; and (g) Too antagonistic as cases are controlled by the gatherings, not by the courts and the principles of court, very regularly, are disregarded by the gatherings and not authorized by the court. The Basic Reforms of Woolf A framework is required where the courts are answerable for the administration of cases. The courts ought to choose what methodology are reasonable for each case; set sensible schedules; and guarantee that the strategies and plans are gone along with.Defended cases ought to be distributed to one of three tracks: (an) An extended little cases purview with a budgetary restriction of ? 3,000; (b) another most optimized plan of attack for direct cases up to ? 10,000, with carefully restricted methodology, fixed schedules (20-30 weeks to preliminary) and fixed expenses; and (c) another multi-track for cases above ? 10,000, giving individual hands on the board by legal groups for the heaviest cases, and standard or customized headin gs where these are appropriate.Lord Woolf's Inquiry was likewise approached to deliver a solitary, more straightforward procedural code to apply to common suit in the High Court and area courts. The Final Report was joined by a draft of the general principles which would shape the center of the new code. Advantages and disadvantages of wolf changes * However, costs have expanded, or have at any rate been front-stacked. Specifically, in situations where intercession has been endeavored and understanding has not been reached, costs are obviously higher for the gatherings. * Litigation will be maintained a strategic distance from any place possible.People will be urged to begin court procedures to determine debates just if all else fails, and subsequent to utilizing other progressively proper methods when accessible. * Litigation will be not so much ill-disposed but rather more co-employable. There will be a desire for transparency and co-activity between parties from the beginning, bo lstered by pre-case conventions on revelation and specialists. * Litigation will be less mind boggling. There will be a solitary arrangement of rules applying to the High Court and the region courts. The guidelines will be less difficult. * The timescale of prosecution will be shorter and more certain.All cases will advance to preliminary as per a schedule set and observed by the court. * The expense of suit will be increasingly moderate, progressively unsurprising, and progressively proportionate to the worth and intricacy of individual cases. There will be fixed expenses for cases on the road to success. Appraisals of expenses for multi-track cases will be distributed or affirmed by the court. * Parties of constrained budgetary methods will have the option to lead suit on an increasingly equivalent balance. Prosecutors who are not lawfully spoken to will have the option to get more assistance from exhortation administrations and from the courts. There will be away from of legal an d managerial obligation regarding the common equity framework. The Head of Civil Justice will have generally speaking duty regarding the common equity framework. * The structure of the courts and the arrangement of judges will be intended to address the issues of disputants. Heavier and progressively complex common cases will be gathered at preliminary focuses which have the assets required, including authority judges, to guarantee that the work is managed successfully. * Judges will be conveyed viably so they can oversee case as per the new principles and protocols.Judges will be given the preparation they have to oversee cases. * The common equity framework will be receptive to the necessities of defendants. Courts will give guidance and help to prosecutors through court based or obligation counsel ; help plans, particularly in courts with generous degrees of obligation and lodging work. Last end It can be closed, in general the Reforms were bolstered by the two parts of the lawfu l calling, legal executive and both the lay and the legitimate press invited them. Advancing settlement and maintaining a strategic distance from case can be the iggest help to prosecutors who in any case when get snared in the exorbitant and everlasting court strategies endure a great deal. The changes planned to concentrate on decrease in cost and deferral, anyway they didn't get away from analysis and decrease in cost is as yet viewed as an easily proven wrong region. However, the changes were a positive development and were regarded triumphant as they have brought about equity being open to more extensive extent of society particularly when issue is of little nature and can be rapidly and inexpensively managed in lower courts.Wholistically, the benefits of the Reforms eclipse the weaknesses. The changes were a positive path for the future; still a ton of work should be done in a couple of regions for making opportune, economical equity accessible to the layman. Decrease in cost of case as an outcome of changes was not completely acknowledged however regardless it can't be said that changes detrimentally affected common equity generally as convenient trade of data between the gatherings promotes culture of co-activity and settlement if not generally and because of the changes issue of postponement in prosecution were well catered.There was a move away from the ill-disposed culture and increment in out of court settlements was seen. It tends to be inferred that the establishment stone for a superior and prosperous case culture has been laid, what should be done currently is to redress the shor

The Effects of Sleep on General Fitness Research Paper

The Effects of Sleep on General Fitness - Research Paper Example Besides, with lack of sleep over at regular intervals, execution additionally decreases in like manner (Bianchi 2014). Lack of sleep, hence, legitimately impacts key execution territories, which straightforwardly influence one's body wellness. Thus, it is fundamental to comprehend the rest examples and how they might be affected, or how thet may influence different wellness pointers. Analysts figured out how to direct an examination with information for more than 30 years of National Football League and reflected examples suggesting that the groups which went through three time zones during the evening time encountered an upset dozing designs and upset exercise plans. In this manner, it was presumed that such groups were 67% bound to lose when contrasted with those with a persevering resting designs. In addition, concentrates additionally showed how competitors getting a decent 10 hours of rest mirror an upgraded muscle memory which legitimately improves the nature of moves took in the day preceding (Calten and Bruce 2009). Moreover, comparative examinations reasoned that competitors who reliably get a rest for 10 hours exhibited improvement in setting to speed, quality, and spryness alongside the response time. Moreover, lack of sleep leads towards incessant sicknesses, that is , the individuals who don't get enough rest regularly display indications of diabetes , hypertension, weight and other clinical issue identified with cardio-digestion and endocrine organs in the human body (Calten and Bruce 2009). All the more in this way, further research in the territory directs that regardless of whether the body endures a couple of days with no rest, it gigantically impacts the body's insulin levels to around 25 percent which drives them towards the pre-diabetic stage, likewise such people may pick up around 18 to 30 lb of weight in a significant number days. Studies have additionally demonstrated that warriors with less or no rest at all have likewise displayed diminished indications of capacities in marksmanship, mental just as physical execution

Story Analisys by Etgar Keret Sample Essay

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The Indigo Spell Chapter Two Free Essays

MS. TERWILLIGER REFUSED to say much more after that. She drove us back to Amberwood and hardly seemed to know I was there. We will write a custom essay sample on The Indigo Spell Chapter Two or any similar topic only for you Order Now She just kept muttering things to herself like, â€Å"Not enough time† and â€Å"Need more proof.† When she finally dropped me off, I tried pressing her for more information. â€Å"What was all that about protecting myself?† I asked. â€Å"Protection from what?† We were parked in the fire lane again, and she still wore that distracted look. â€Å"I’ll explain later, in our session tomorrow.† â€Å"I can’t,† I reminded her. â€Å"I’m leaving right after my regular classes. Remember? I have a flight to catch. I told you about it last week. And yesterday. And earlier today.† That brought her back to attention. â€Å"Did you? Well, then. I suppose we’ll make do with what we must. I’ll see what I can have for you in the morning.† I left her for my bed after that, not that I could get much sleep. And when I showed up to her history class the next morning, she was true to her word. Before the bell rang, she walked up to my desk and handed me an old book with a cracked red leather cover. The title was in Latin and translated to Elements of Battle, which sent a chill down my spine. Spells to create light and invisibility were one thing. There was a practicality to them that I could almost rationalize. But battle spells? Something told me I might have a little trouble with those. â€Å"Reading material for the plane,† she said. She spoke in her usual, addled scholar voice, but I could see a glint of that anxiety from last night in her eyes. â€Å"Focus only on the first section. I trust you’ll do your usual thorough job – and then some.† None of the other arriving students paid any attention to us. My last class of the day was an independent study session on late-antique history, which she served as my mentor for. More often than not, she used the session as a passive-aggressive way to teach me magic. So, her giving me books like this was nothing out of the ordinary. â€Å"And,† she added, â€Å"if you could find out where that neighborhood is, it would be extremely useful.† I was speechless for a few moments. Locate one neighborhood in the greater Los Angeles metropolitan area? â€Å"That’s . . . a very large area to cover,† I said at last, choosing my words carefully with witnesses around. She nodded and pushed her glasses up her nose. â€Å"I know. Most people probably couldn’t do it.† And on that semi-complimentary note, she returned to her desk at the front of the classroom. â€Å"What neighborhood?† asked a new voice. Eddie Castile had just arrived and slid into a neighboring desk. Eddie was a dhampir – possessing a mix of human and vampire DNA that had been passed down from days when the two races mixed. For all intents and purposes, though, he was indistinguishable from an ordinary human. With his sandy-colored hair and brown eyes, he also bore enough resemblance to me to support our cover story that we were twins. In reality, Eddie was here at Amberwood as a bodyguard for Jill. Dissidents among her own kind, the Moroi, were hunting her, and even though we’d seen no sign of them since coming to Palm Springs, Eddie was always vigilant and ready to pounce. I slipped the red leather book into my messenger bag. â€Å"Don’t ask. Another of her wacky assignments.† None of my friends – save Adrian – knew about my involvement with Ms. Terwilliger’s magic use. Well, and Jill by default. All Moroi possessed some sort of elemental magic. Adrian’s was a rare and powerful one called spirit, which could work miracles of healing. He’d used that magic to bring Jill back from the dead when assassins had killed her. Doing so had made Jill â€Å"shadow-kissed† – that is, it created a psychic bond between them, one that allowed Jill to feel his emotions and sometimes see through his eyes. As a result, Jill knew more about what went on between Adrian and me than I liked. I took my car keys out of my bag and reluctantly handed them over to Eddie. He was the only one I trusted to drive my car, and I always let him borrow it when I left town, in case he needed to run errands for our group. â€Å"Here you go. I better get it back in one piece. Do not let Angeline near the driver’s seat.† He grinned. â€Å"Do I look suicidal? I probably won’t even use it. Are you sure you don’t want me to drive you to the airport later?† â€Å"You’d miss class,† I said. The only reason I was able to cut school early was because of the unusual nature of my independent study. â€Å"I wouldn’t mind, believe me. I’ve got a science test.† He grimaced and lowered his voice. â€Å"I hated physics the first time, you know.† I couldn’t help a smile. Both Eddie and I were eighteen and had graduated high school, me through homeschooling and him through an elite Moroi and dhampir academy. We couldn’t pose as students without going through the motions of class, however. While I didn’t mind the extra work, Eddie wasn’t as taken with a love of learning as I was. â€Å"No thanks,† I told him. â€Å"A cab will be fine.† The bell rang, and Eddie straightened up in his desk. As Ms. Terwilliger called the class to order, he whispered to me, â€Å"Jill’s really bummed she can’t go.† â€Å"I know,† I murmured back. â€Å"But we all know why she can’t.† â€Å"Yeah,† he agreed. â€Å"What I don’t know is why she’s mad at you.† I turned toward the front of the classroom and pointedly ignored him. Jill was the only one who knew about Adrian’s declaration of love, thanks to that bond. It was another one of those things I wished hadn’t been shared, but Adrian couldn’t help it. Although Jill knew vampire-human romances were wrong, she couldn’t forgive me for hurting Adrian so badly. To make things worse, she was probably personally experiencing some of his pain. Even if our other friends didn’t know what had occurred, it was obvious that something wasn’t right with Jill and me. Eddie had picked up on it right away and immediately interrogated me. I’d given him a vague excuse about Jill not liking some rules I’d instated for her here at school. Eddie hadn’t bought that, but Jill had been just as close-mouthed on the matter, leaving him clueless and frustrated. The school day zipped by, and before long, I was in a taxi and on my way to the airport. I’d packed light and only had one small suitcase and my messenger bag, both of which could be carried on. For what seemed like the hundredth time, I took out a small silver and white gift bag and examined its contents. Inside was an expensive crystal sun catcher, the kind meant to be hung on a porch or in a window. It depicted two doves in flight, facing each other. Wrapping it back in its tissue paper, I returned it to its gift bag and then my own bag. I hoped it would be an acceptable gift for the upcoming event. I was going to a vampire wedding. I’d never been to one before. Probably no Alchemist had. Although we worked with the Moroi to protect their existence, the Alchemists made it clear they wanted no involvement that went beyond business contact. After recent events, however, both groups had decided it would be good to improve our professional relations. Since this wedding was a big deal, a few other Alchemists and I had been invited. I knew the couple, and in theory, I was excited to see them married. It was the rest of the event that made me nervous: a huge social gathering of Moroi and dhampirs. Even with other Alchemists there, we’d be hopelessly outnumbered. Being in Palm Springs with Eddie, Jill, and the others had gone a long way in improving my feelings toward their kind. I got along with that little group well and now considered them friends. But even as liberal as I was in such matters, I still possessed a lot of the anxiety other Alchemists had inside the vampiric world. Maybe Moroi and dhampirs weren’t creatures of evil, like I’d once believed, but they certainly weren’t human. I kind of wished my Palm Springs friends were coming with me, but that had been out of the question. The whole point of Jill and the rest of us being in Palm Springs was to hide her away and keep her safe from those trying to kill her. Both Moroi and Strigoi tended to avoid sunny, desert regions. If she suddenly showed up at a major Moroi function, it would defeat the whole purpose. Eddie and Angeline, another dhampir protecting her at Amberwood, had to stay behind as well. Only Adrian and I had been invited to the wedding, and we were thankfully on separate flights. If anyone had noticed that he and I were traveling together, it could attract attention back in Palm Springs, which could then expose Jill. Adrian’s flight wasn’t even leaving from Palm Springs. He was flying out by way of Los Angeles, two hours west, just to make sure we weren’t linked together. I had to connect through a different flight in Los Angeles, which reminded me of Ms. Terwilliger’s task. Find one neighborhood in all of Los Angeles’s greater metropolitan area. Sure, no problem. The only thing I had going for me was that the Victorian houses were so distinct. If I could find some historical society, there was a good chance they could direct me toward areas matching that description. It would narrow my search considerably. I reached my gate at LAX an hour before the scheduled flight. I’d just gotten cozy with Ms. Terwilliger’s book when an overhead announcement declared, â€Å"Paging passenger Melrose. Please come see a customer service agent.† I felt a sinking feeling in the pit of my stomach. Gathering up my things, I approached the desk and was greeted by a cheery airline representative. â€Å"I’m sad to tell you this flight has been overbooked,† she said. From her peppy voice and big smile, she didn’t seem sad at all. â€Å"What’s that mean for me, exactly?† I asked, my dread growing. â€Å"I have a confirmed seat.† I dealt with bureaucracy and red tape all the time, but overbooking flights was something I’d never understood. How did that even happen? It wasn’t like the number of seats was a surprise to them. â€Å"It means that you’re no longer on the flight,† she explained. â€Å"You and a couple other volunteers gave up your seats to accommodate that family. Otherwise, they would’ve had to be split up.† â€Å"Volunteers?† I repeated, following her gesture. Off to the side of the seating area, a family with seven children smiled back at me. The children were tiny and adorable, with big eyes and the kind of cuteness you saw in musicals about orphans finding new homes. Outraged, I turned back toward the agent. â€Å"How can you do that? I checked in way ahead of time! I have a wedding to get to. I can’t miss it.† The woman produced a boarding pass. â€Å"We’ve more than made up for it. We’ve booked you on another flight, to Philadelphia – one that’s leaving sooner. And you’ve even been upgraded to first class for your inconvenience.† â€Å"That’s something,† I said. I was still annoyed at this, simply out of principle. I liked order and procedure. Altering those threw off my world. I looked down at the boarding pass and then did a double take. â€Å"It’s leaving now!† She nodded. â€Å"Like I said, sooner. I’d hurry up if I were you.† Then, on cue, I heard a last-call announcement for my new flight, saying all passengers need to be on board now, as they were about to shut the cabin doors. I wasn’t the swearing type, but I almost was then – especially when I saw that my new gate was on the opposite side of the terminal. Without another word, I grabbed my things and sprinted toward the gate as quickly as I could, making a mental note to write a letter of complaint to the airline. Through some miracle, I made it just before my new flight was closed to passengers, though the agent working that gate sternly told me that next time, I should plan ahead and allow more time. I ignored her and headed into the airplane, where I was greeted by a much nicer flight attendant – especially when she saw my first class ticket. â€Å"You’re right here, Miss Melrose,† she said, pointing to the third row of the cabin. â€Å"We’re so glad you could join us.† She helped me put my suitcase in the overhead bin, which proved to be pretty difficult since other, earlier passengers had taken up most of the space. It required some creative knowledge of spatial relations, and when we finally managed it, I practically passed out into my seat, exhausted from this unexpected flurry of excitement. So much for a relaxing trip. I had just enough time to fasten my seat belt before the plane began backing up. Feeling a little steadier, I plucked the safety card from its pocket so that I could follow along with the attendant’s presentation. No matter how many times I flew, I always thought it was important to be up to speed on procedures. I was watching the attendant fasten an oxygen mask when a familiar and intoxicating scent washed over me. In all of the chaos of making this flight, I hadn’t even bothered to pay attention to my seatmate. Adrian. I stared in disbelief. He was watching me with amusement and had no doubt been waiting to see how long it would take me to notice him. I didn’t even bother asking what he was doing here. I’d known he was flying out of LAX, and through some wacky twist of happenstance, I’d been bumped to his flight. â€Å"This is impossible,† I exclaimed. The scientist in me was too amazed to fully realize the uncomfortable nature of the situation I now found myself in. â€Å"It’s one thing for me to get moved to a new flight. But to end up next to you? Do you know what the odds of that are? It’s incredible.† â€Å"Some might call it fate,† he said. â€Å"Or maybe there just aren’t that many flights to Philadelphia.† He raised a glass of clear liquid to me in a toast. Since I’d never seen Adrian drink water, I had to assume it was vodka. â€Å"Nice to see you, by the way.† â€Å"Um, you too.† The engines roared to life around us, momentarily sparing me from conversation. Reality began sinking in. I was trapped on a five-hour flight with Adrian Ivashkov. Five hours. Five hours sitting only a few inches from him, smelling his overpriced cologne and looking into those knowing eyes. What was I going to do? Nothing, of course. There was nowhere to go, nowhere to escape since even first-class passengers weren’t allowed parachutes. My heart began to race as I frantically groped for something to say. He was watching me in silence, still with that small smirk, waiting for me to lead the conversation. â€Å"So,† I said at last, staring at my hands. â€Å"How’s, uh, your car?† â€Å"I left it out on the street. Figured it’ll be fine there while I’m gone.† I jerked my head up, jaw dropping. â€Å"You did what? They’ll tow it if it’s left there overnight!† Adrian was laughing before I even finished. â€Å"So that’s what it takes to get a passionate reaction, huh?† He shook his head. â€Å"Don’t worry, Sage. I was just kidding. It’s tucked away safely in my building’s parking lot.† I felt my cheeks burn. I hated that I’d fallen into his joke and was even a little embarrassed that I’d just flipped out over a car. Admittedly, it wasn’t just any car. It was a beautiful, classic Mustang that Adrian had recently purchased. In fact, he’d bought it to impress me, pretending he couldn’t drive manual transmission in order to spend more time with me while I taught him. I thought the car was amazing, but it still astonished me that he would have gone to that much trouble for us to be together. We reached our cruising altitude, and the flight attendant returned to get Adrian another drink. â€Å"Anything for you, miss?† she asked. â€Å"Diet Coke,† I said automatically. Adrian tsked once she was gone. â€Å"You could’ve gotten that for free back in coach.† I rolled my eyes. â€Å"Do I have to spend the next five hours being harassed? If so, I’ll go back in coach and let some lucky person ‘upgrade’ to my seat.† Adrian held up his hands in a placating gesture. â€Å"No, no. Carry on. I’ll entertain myself.† Entertaining himself turned out to be doing a crossword puzzle in one of the in-flight magazines. I took out Ms. Terwilliger’s book and tried to read, but it was hard to focus with him beside me. I kept sneaking glances out of the corner of my eye, partly to see if he was looking at me and partly just to study his features. He was the same Adrian as ever, annoyingly good looking with his tousled brown hair and sculpted face. I vowed I wouldn’t speak to him, but when I noticed he hadn’t written anything in a while and was tapping his pen loudly on the tray, I couldn’t help myself. â€Å"What is it?† I asked. â€Å"Seven-letter word for ‘cotton gin pioneer.'† â€Å"Whitney,† I replied. He leaned over and wrote in the letters. â€Å"‘Dominates the Mohs’ scale.’ Also seven letters.† â€Å"Diamond.† Five words later, I realized what was happening. â€Å"Hey,† I told him. â€Å"I am not doing this.† He looked up at me with angelic eyes. â€Å"Doing what?† â€Å"You know what. You’re luring me in. You know I can’t resist – â€Å" â€Å"Me?† he suggested. I pointed at the magazine. â€Å"Random trivia.† I angled my body away from him and made a big show of opening my book. â€Å"I have work to do.† I felt Adrian look over my shoulder, and I tried to ignore how aware of his proximity I was. â€Å"Looks like Jackie’s still got you working hard in her class.† Adrian had met Ms. Terwilliger recently and had somehow charmed his way into a first-name basis. â€Å"This one’s more like an extracurricular activity,† I explained. â€Å"Really? I thought you were pretty against doing any more with this stuff than you had to.† I shut the book in frustration. â€Å"I am! But then she said – † I bit off the words, reminding myself that I shouldn’t engage with Adrian any more than I had to. It was just too easy to slip back into old, friendly behaviors with him. It felt right when, obviously, it was wrong. â€Å"Then what?† he prompted, voice gentle. I looked up at him and saw no smugness or mockery. I didn’t even see any of the burning hurt that had plagued me these last few weeks. He actually looked concerned, which momentarily distracted me from Ms. Terwilliger’s task. Seeing him this way contrasted drastically with what had followed in the wake of our kiss. I’d been so nervous at the thought of sitting with him on this flight, and yet, here he was, ready to support me. Why the change? I hesitated, unsure what to do. Since last night, I’d been turning her words and the vision over and over in my head, trying to figure out what they meant. Adrian was the only person who knew about my involvement with her and magic (aside from Jill), and until this moment, I hadn’t realized how badly I was dying to discuss this with someone. So, I cracked and told him the whole story of my desert adventure. When I finished, I was surprised to see how dark his expression had become. â€Å"It’s one thing for her to try to get you to learn spells here and there. But it’s a totally different thing for her to drag you into something dangerous.† His ardent concern surprised me a little – but maybe it shouldn’t have. â€Å"From the way she talked, though, it wasn’t like it was her doing. She seemed pretty upset about . . . well, whatever all this means.† Adrian pointed at the book. â€Å"And that’ll help somehow?† â€Å"I guess.† I ran my fingers over the cover and embossed Latin words. â€Å"It has protection and attack spells – things that are a bit more hard core than what I’ve ever done. I don’t like it, and these aren’t even the really advanced ones. She told me to skip those.† â€Å"You don’t like magic, period,† he reminded me. â€Å"But if these can keep you safe, then maybe you shouldn’t ignore them.† I hated admitting when he was right. It only encouraged him. â€Å"Yeah, but I just wish I knew what I was trying to stay safe from – no. No. We can’t do this.† Without even realizing it, I’d slipped into the way things used to be, talking to Adrian in that easy, comfortable way we had. In fact, I’d even been confiding in him. He looked startled. â€Å"Do what? I stopped asking you for crossword help, didn’t I?† I took a deep breath, bracing myself. I’d known this moment was coming, no matter how much I wanted to put it off. I just hadn’t expected it to come while on a plane ride. â€Å"Adrian, we have to talk about what happened. Between you and me,† I declared. He took a moment to consider my words. â€Å"Well . . . last I knew, nothing was happening between you and me.† I dared a look at him. â€Å"Exactly. I’m sorry for what happened . . . what I said, but it was all true. We have to move past this and go on with our lives in a normal way. It’s for the good of our group in Palm Springs.† â€Å"Funny, I have moved past it,† he said. â€Å"You’re the one bringing it up.† I blushed again. â€Å"But it’s because of you! You’ve spent the last few weeks all moody and sulking, hardly ever talking to me. And when you do, there’s usually some nasty barb in it.† While recently having dinner at Clarence Donahue’s, I’d seen one of the most terrifying spiders ever come crawling into the living room. Mustering all my courage, I’d caught the creepy little beast and set him free. Adrian’s comment on my brave act had been, â€Å"Wow, I didn’t know you actually faced down things that scared you. I thought your normal response was to run kicking and screaming from them and pretend they don’t exist.† â€Å"You’re right about the attitude,† he said now, nodding along with my words. Once again, he looked remarkably serious. â€Å"And I’m sorry.† â€Å"You . . . are?† I could only stare. â€Å"So . . . you’re done with all of that . . . stuff? Done with, uh, feeling that way?† I couldn’t bring myself to elaborate. Done with being in love with me. â€Å"Oh, no,† he said cheerfully. â€Å"Not at all.† â€Å"But you just said – â€Å" â€Å"I’m done with the pouting,† he said. â€Å"Done with being moody – well, I mean, I’m always a little moody. That’s what Adrian Ivashkov’s all about. But I’m done with the excessive stuff. That didn’t get me anywhere with Rose. It won’t get me anywhere with you.† â€Å"Nothing will get you anywhere with me,† I exclaimed. â€Å"I don’t know about that.† He put on an introspective look that was both unexpected and intriguing. â€Å"You’re not as much of a lost cause as she was. I mean, with her, I had to overcome her deep, epic love with a Russian warlord. You and I just have to overcome hundreds of years’ worth of deeply ingrained prejudice and taboo between our two races. Easy.† â€Å"Adrian!† I felt my temper beginning to flare. â€Å"This isn’t a joke.† â€Å"I know. It’s certainly not to me. And that’s why I’m not going to give you a hard time.† He paused dramatically. â€Å"I’ll just love you whether you want me to or not.† The attendant came by with hot towels, putting our conversation on hold and allowing his slightly disturbing words to hang in the air between us. I was dumbfounded and couldn’t muster a response until after she came back to collect the cloths. â€Å"Whether I want you to or not? What on earth does that mean?† Adrian grimaced. â€Å"Sorry. That came off creepier than I intended. I just mean, I don’t care if you say we can’t be together. I don’t care if you think I’m the most evil, unnatural creature walking the earth.† For the briefest of moments, his choice of words threw me back in time, to when he’d told me I was the most beautiful creature walking the earth. Those words haunted me now, just as they had then. We’d been sitting in a dark, candlelit room, and he’d looked at me in a way that no one ever had – Stop it, Sydney. Focus. â€Å"You can think whatever you want, do whatever you want,† Adrian continued, unaware of my traitorous thoughts. There was a remarkable calm about him. â€Å"I’m going to just go on loving you, even if it’s hopeless.† I don’t know why that shocked me as much as it did. I glanced around to make sure no one was listening. â€Å"I . . . what? No. You can’t!† He tilted his head to the side as he regarded me carefully. â€Å"Why? It doesn’t hurt you or anything. I told you I won’t bother you if you don’t want me to. And if you do, well, I’m all about that. So what’s it matter if I just love you from afar?† I didn’t entirely know. â€Å"Because . . . because you can’t!† â€Å"Why not?† â€Å"You . . . you need to move on,† I managed. Yes, that was a sound reason. â€Å"You need to find someone else. You know I don’t – that I can’t. Well, you know. You’re wasting your time with me.† He remained firm. â€Å"It’s my time to waste.† â€Å"But it’s crazy! Why would you do that?† â€Å"Because I can’t help doing it,† he said with a shrug. â€Å"And hey, if I keep loving you, maybe you’ll eventually crack and love me too. Hell, I’m pretty sure you’re already half in love with me.† â€Å"I am not! And everything you just said is ridiculous. That’s terrible logic.† Adrian returned to his crossword puzzle. â€Å"Well, you can think what you want, so long as you remember – no matter how ordinary things seem between us – I’m still here, still in love with you, and care about you more than any other guy, evil or otherwise, ever will.† â€Å"I don’t think you’re evil.† â€Å"See? Things are already looking promising.† He tapped the magazine with his pen again. â€Å"‘Romantic Victorian poetess.’ Eight letters.† I didn’t answer. I had been rendered speechless. Adrian never mentioned that dangerous topic again for the rest of the flight. Most of the time, he kept to himself, and when he did speak, it was about perfectly safe topics, like our dinner and the upcoming wedding. Anyone sitting with us would never have known there was anything weird between us. But I knew. That knowledge ate me up. It was all-consuming. And as the flight progressed, and eventually landed, I could no longer look at Adrian the same way. Each time we made eye contact, I just kept thinking of his words: I’m still here, still in love with you, and care about you more than any other guy ever will. Part of me felt offended. How dare he? How dare he love me whether I wanted him to or not? I had told him not to! He had no right to. And the rest of me? The rest of me was scared. If I keep loving you, maybe you’ll eventually crack and love me too. It was ludicrous. You couldn’t make someone love you just by loving them. It didn’t matter how charming he was, how good looking, or how funny. An Alchemist and a Moroi could never be together. It was impossible. I’m pretty sure you’re already half in love with me. Very impossible. How to cite The Indigo Spell Chapter Two, Essay examples

Costco Wholesale Corporation Mission, Business Model, and Strategy Essay Example

Costco Wholesale Corporation: Mission, Business Model, and Strategy Essay Wholesale Corporation: Mission, Business Model, and Strategy Renee Francia Strategic Human Resources BME 0939883 May 2013 Term Company Background Costco Wholesale Corporation (Costco) is a retail membership warehouse chain which was founded by Jim Sinegal and Jeff Brotman in 1983. Headquartered out of Issaquah, Washington, Costco has grown in to one of the largest wholesale giants in the industry. The company’s business model was to generate high sales volumes and rapid inventory turnover by offering members low prices on a limited selection of nationally branded and selected private-label products in a wide range of merchandise categories (Gamble Thompson Jr. , 2009, p. 217). This concept was created using the Price Club model, a member warehouse retailer that has stores primarily on the west coast and was a pioneer of the membership warehouse concept, as Sinegal was a former manager there. The first Costco store opened in Seattle the same year that Wal-Mart launched its warehouse membership format, Sam’s Club (Gamble Thompson Jr. 2009, p. 216). The mission Costco had in mind was, â€Å"To continually provide our members with quality foods and services at the lowest possible prices† (Gamble Thompson Jr. , 2009, p. 217). This business model proved to be effective and Costco was able to open new stores with funding from public shareholders. After this ex pansion, Costco became the first U. S. company to reach $1 billion in sales in less than six years (Gamble Thompson Jr. , 2009, p. 217). In 1993 Costco merged with Price Club and was renamed PriceCostco. In 1997 PriceCostco changed its name to Costco Companies Inc. nd then again to Costco Wholesale Corporation after their relocation to Washington. Strategy Costco was planned using a strategic vision of providing affordable high-quality products with a quick turnover rate while participating in responsible and sincere business practices. The cornerstones of Costco’s strategy were low prices, limited selection, and a treasure-hunt shopping experience (Gamble Thompson Jr. , 2009, p. 217). Costco remains competitive by offering low prices to their members and by provide good pay and an excellent work environment to their employees. We will write a custom essay sample on Costco Wholesale Corporation: Mission, Business Model, and Strategy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Costco Wholesale Corporation: Mission, Business Model, and Strategy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Costco Wholesale Corporation: Mission, Business Model, and Strategy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Costco is able to offer lower prices and better values by eliminating all the frills and costs historically associated with the conventional wholesalers and retailers, including salespeople, fancy buildings, delivery, billing, and accounts receivable. Sinegal was quoted saying that, â€Å"We [Costco] run a tight operation with extremely low overhead which enables us to pass on dramatic savings to our members (Gamble Thompson Jr. , 2009, p. 221). Costco’s pricing strategy has allowed them to develop a cost-based advantage over their competitors. Using a low-cost provider strategy, Costco was able to achieve lower overall costs than their rivals and appeal to a broad spectrum of customers (Gamble Thompson Jr. , 2009, p. 36). This strategy in line with limited selection enabled Costco to operate profitably at significantly lower gross margins than traditional wholesalers, mass merchandisers, supermarkets, and supercenters. Part of Costco’s strategy was to provide only a limited selection to their members; about 4,000 items. Although the number of items where limited, the store carried a broad range of products from steaks to caskets to fine jewelry. Costco is known for selling in bulk or large quantities. By doing this Costco is able to lower their business costs and keep lower sales prices on their products. Costco’s merchandise buyers remained on the lookout to make one-time purchases of items that would appeal to the company’s clientele and that would sell out quickly. (Gamble Thompson Jr. , 2009, p. 220) With the ever changing inventory, Costco customers are encouraged to make purchases that day, because the next time they visit, the item may not be in stock. This strategy helps increase sales as well as continues to bring customers back in to the store. Analysis Costco’s strategy has proven to be successful allowing them to rise above their competitors in terms of stores, sales volumes, and members. Costco has had steady growth in sales and earnings going as far back as 1995 as shown in Costco’s financial reports published on their corporate website. Also, Costco’s stock had substantial growth between 1995 and 200 and has shown steady growth trends since them (Yahoo Finance, 2013). Their member renewal rate was approximately 89. 7% in the U. S. and Canada, and approximately 86. 4% on a worldwide basis in 2012, consistent with recent years (Costco, 2012, p. 11). Costco’s strong financial performance, stock price trends, and customer retention are all indicators that their strategy is in line with their visions and objectives. Many of Costco’s strengths are held with their low prices, limited selection, and their employees. Costco prefers to hire from within and focused on career longevity and development for their employees. It was company policy to fill at least 86 percent of its higher-level openings buy promotions from within; in actuality, the percentage ran close to 98 percent, which meant that the majority of Costco’s management team members were home grown (Gamble Thompson Jr. 2009, p. 226). Even with their many strengths, Costco still had some weaknesses. Their warehouses appeared to be very industrial, with concrete floors and merchandise displayed on wooden pallets. Costco also relied heavily on word-of-mouth advertisement, which saved the company money in terms of marketing, but could also be hurting their ne w member attainment. The long lines that tend to form during peak shopping periods are also a deterrent for new member or renewals. Some members may not see the benefit to saving in bulk if they have to wait in extremely long checkout lines. Costco has a specific member demographic in mind and normally attract more affluent customers. The average member had an income of nearly $75,000 a year. This provides Costco with the opportunity to have more revenue by catering to those with a higher disposable income. In similar terms, they are missing out on an entire customer base, in the lower income earning families, because they are often not able to pay the membership fees or afford to pay â€Å"bulk† prices in order to save money. Costco’s biggest threat has proven to be their competitors. In their 2012 Annual Report Costco states that, â€Å"our inability to respond effectively to competitive pressures, changes in the retail markets and member expectations could result in lost market share and negatively affect our financial results. Some competitors may have greater financial resources, better access to merchandise and greater market penetration than we do (p. 14). Conclusion According to Costco’s 2012 Annual Report, net sales totaled almost $97 billion over 600 stores worldwide, for the year (p. 25). Their membership fees increased more than 11% and Costco has about 26. 7 million households and 6. 4 million businesses that have paid memberships with the company (Costco, 2012, p. 11). Costco’s strategic business and management plans have allowed them become one of the largest wholesale giants in the industry and it is these strategies that set them apart from their competitors. Costco’s markups and prices were so low that Wall Street analysts had criticized Costco management for going all out to please customers at the expense of increasing profits for shareholders (Gamble Thompson Jr. , 2009, p. 219). Sinegal was confident that his business strategy would help build a lasting, profitable organization. He was focused on the future of the business rather than just the right now; which turned out to be an extremely profitable business strategy. References Costco Wholesale. 2012) Annual Report 2012. Costco Wholesale Corporation. Gamble, J. E. Thompson Jr. , A. A. (2009). Essentials of Strategic Management: A Quest for the Competitive Advantage. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Investor Relations. (2013). Costco Wholesale Corporation. Retrieved from http://phx. corporate-ir. net/phoenix. zhtml? c=83830p=irol-reportsannual Yahoo Finance. (2013). Costco Wholesale Corporation – NasdaqGS. Retrieved from http://finance. yahoo. com/q/bc? s=COSTt=myl=onz=lq=lc=

Hypnosis

Hypnosis is known to many as a person taking control of another persons mind and controlling their actions. While that is a fair understanding of hypnosis, most hypnosis only works if the person being hypnotized wants to be hypnotized. After studying all the aspects and features of hypnosis, the most amazing factor is the enormous influence on a subjects suggestibility. The history of hypnosis is as ancient as that of sorcery, magic and medicine, to whose methods it belonged. Hypnosiss scientific history began in the later part of the 18th century with Franz Mesmer, a Viennese physician, who used it in the treatment of patients. Ever since Franz Anton Mesmer proposed his theory of animal magnetism more than 200 years ago, hypnosis has fought an uphill battle for scientific credibility. Hypnosis has been used in place of anesthesia to numb the pain of childbirth and major surgical procedures such as amputation and abdominal surgery. Numerous reports attest the effectiveness of hypnosis in the treatment of warts. In those who have been hypnotized, warts later disappear entirely on their own with out medicine or surgery. Since warts are virally induced, this striking phenomenon has fueled belief that hypnosis somehow mobilizes immune response. Patients can be hypnotized during amputation in order to relieve pain when morphine is not ava! ilable or when a person is allergic to medicine or if medicine is unavailable. Because of the mistaken belief that it was an occult force, which he termed animal magnetism that flowed through the hypnotist into the subject, Mesmer was soon discredited. Hypnotism or mesmerism, as it was nicknamed after Mesmer, continued to interest medical practitioners. In the mid-1880s, Sigmund Freud visited France and was impressed by the therapeutic potential of hypnosis for neurotic disorders. On his return home, he used hypnosis to help neurotics recall disturbing event...

2018â€2019 SAT Score Release Dates

2018–2019 SAT Score Release Dates Because SAT scores can play an important role in the college admissions process, most applicants are eager to learn how they performed on the exam. Scores are typically available online about two to three weeks after the test date. The table below presents the exact dates.   2018–2019  SAT Score Release Dates SAT Test Date Multiple-Choice Scores Available Online Essay Scores Available May 5, 2018 May 18-24 by May 29 June 2, 2018 July 11 by July 11 August 25, 2018 September 7 by September 9 October 6, 2018 October 19 by October 21 October 10, 2018 November 2 by November 4 November 3, 2018 November 16 by November 16 December 1, 2018 December 14 by December 16 March 6, 2019 March 29 by March 31 March 9, 2019 March 22 by March 24 March 27, 2019 April 19 by April 21 April 9, 2019 May 2 by May 5 April 23, 2019 May 16 by May 19 May 4, 2019 May 17 by May 19 June 1, 2019 July 10 by July 14 The SAT is offered worldwide on Saturdays  seven times a year. This table presents more than seven test dates because of special school-day administrations of the exam. These weekday options- October 10, March 6, March 27, April 9, and April 23- wont be available or convenient for many high school students.   How Do I Check My SAT Scores? When you register for the SAT, you create  an online account to do so. Be sure to keep track of your login information, for you will use that same online account to retrieve your SAT scores. In the My SAT section of your College Board account, youll find the scores for every SAT and SAT Subject Test youve taken. Youll also find breakdowns of your scores and percentile rankings that show how you measure up compared to other students. Another benefit of the College Boards online score reports is that youll get a customized study plan should you choose to retake the SAT, and youll get access to free SAT practice materials through Khan Academy. What Time Do My SAT Scores Appear? In the past, scores would appear online at 8:00 a.m. EST. In recent administrations of the exam, the scores have rolled out throughout the day. If you live on the east coast, dont bother setting your alarm for the wee hours to get your scores early. They will not be posted before 8:00 a.m. Also, dont panic if the morning of the score availability date comes and goes and your scores have not yet appeared online. It could be the afternoon or even the evening before your scores appear. There have also been cases in which the College Board has missed the score date for logistical reasons, and locally scores may be delayed if there were testing abnormalities at your particular testing center. In short, be patient. The only reason you should worry about your scores is if your classmates who took the exam on the same date have received their scores, and a day later your scores still have not appeared. At that point, it may be worth contacting the College Board to see what the issue may be. Why Do  My SAT Essay Scores Appear Later Than the Multiple Choice Score? Youll notice that the College Board provides a later score availability date for the SAT essay than for the multiple-choice section of the exam. The reason for this is rather simple: the multiple-choice answers are scored by a computer whereas the essay section needs to be scored by experienced readers. In fact, your essay will be read by two different people and then the scores from those two readers will be added together to arrive at your final SAT essay score. The logistics of getting the essay scores are much more complicated than for the multiple-choice section. The essay readers need to be trained for consistency in the scoring process, the essays need to be distributed to those readers, and then the scores from those readers need to be reported back to the College Board. Even though the essays are scored holistically (the readers do not mark up the essays or spend much time focusing on an essays minutiae), reading and scoring the essays is still a time-consuming process. It makes sense that the College Board can post the multiple-choice scores before the essay scores. That said, you may very well find that your essay scores  are available when your multiple-choice scores are posted. Paper SAT Scores and College Score Reports Once the College Board has your SAT scores, posting those scores online is quick and easy. Paper score reports, however, take more time, as do the reports you requested that will be sent to colleges. In general, you can expect paper score reports and college reporting within ten days of receiving all of your scores (multiple-choice and  the essay scores) online. Be sure to take this slight delay into account when you calculate when you should take the SAT. Youll want to make sure your score reports will arrive at colleges by the application deadline.   Can I Get My Scores Earlier Than The Posted Dates? In a word, no. Scoring and processing hundreds of thousands of answer sheets takes time, and the College Board isnt in a position to flag individual exams for expedited service. If youre applying Early Action or Early Decision, youll want to plan ahead so that you are taking exams that will get scores to colleges on time. The new August test date makes this easier, and the August and October exams should work fine  for early admission programs.   That said, for a fee, you can order rush service to get a score report mailed to a college more quickly (see SAT Costs, Fees, and Waivers). This doesnt change the date that scores become available, but it helps get a score report to a specific college a little faster if you didnt order the scores at the time of the exam. I Got My Scores. What Now? Once you have received your scores, youll need to figure out what the scores mean in relation to your college aspirations. Are your SAT scores good enough? Are you on target for admission to the college you hope to attend?  If time allows, should you take the exam again?  What are your options if your scores arent what you had hoped for?   To get a sense of how you measure up at some of the nations most selective colleges and universities, these articles can help guide you. They present SAT data for the middle 50% of admitted students at different types of colleges: SAT Scores for the Ivy LeagueSAT Scores for Top Liberal Arts CollegesSAT Scores for Top Public Universities Can I Challenge My SAT Scores? If your SAT scores seem far off from what you expected, you have some options for figuring out what went wrong. It is possible, for example, that your answer sheet did not scan properly. For a fee, you can request that your multiple-choice answer sheet be scored by hand. This needs to be done within five months of the test date. If it turns out that an error did occur in the processing of your score, the College Board will refund the verification fee. Note that the College Board will  not  rescore your exam if you failed to follow directions. For example, if you did not fill in the ovals properly or you used a pen instead of a #2 pencil, you will not be eligible to have your scores changed. With the SAT essay, the situation is similar. You can request that your essay score be verified in case of a score reporting error or a scanning problem. Your essay will  not  be reread. The College Boards essay scoring process has built-in safety measures to ensure accurate scores. Two readers will score your essay, and if the scores by those two readers differ by more than one point (on a 4-point scale), the essay will be sent to a scoring director who will score the essay. A Final Word on SAT Scores Theres no getting around the fact that SAT (and ACT) scores often play an important role in the college admissions process. That said, try to put the exam in perspective. Your academic record will matter more than the SAT, so be sure to work hard and do well in challenging college-preparatory classes. Also, realize that the most selective colleges have holistic admissions, so a winning application essay and meaningful extracurricular involvement can help compensate for less-than-ideal SAT scores. Finally, keep in mind that hundreds of colleges have test-optional admissions and dont consider SAT scores at all.

What makes people like to stay on their jobs Essay

What makes people like to stay on their jobs - Essay Example Based on developed level of satisfaction and happiness, employees determine whether to continue working for an organization or not. The factors also determine the employees’ productivity level, should they choose to remain in an organization. It is therefore important to investigate conditions that determine employees’ happiness and satisfaction to stay in jobs and reasons why employees may not like their jobs. Non-monetary factors Non-monetary factors are essential determinants of employees’ utility in a workplace. As a result, they are able to make an employee happy or not. An employee will for instance be happy if considered non-monetary factors meet his or her expectations. A match between job descriptions and an employee’s traits or abilities is one of the non-monetary factors that determine a person’s happiness in a job. This is because of the different expertise that each type of job requires and the involved strain in performing a job, shoul d an employee lack the required skills or traits. Matching employees with jobs that require their skills, level of experience and traits therefore eliminates strain in work, improves utility, and induce happiness. Employees in such working conditions like their jobs and would prefer to remain in the jobs and work effectively towards productivity. Mismatching employees’ ability with job requirements however identifies strains and incompetence in work that may discourage employees and lead to job dislike (Gaurav 9). Appreciating and recognizing employees are other non-monetary factors that influence employees’ happiness (Gaurav 9). This is because of the associated self worth that leads to self-confidence and internal motivation among employees. Examples of appreciation include congratulating an employee for an achievement such as meeting set objectives or doing an outstanding work. Recognition is, however, achieved by identifying an employee’s performance or char acteristics before peers. An appreciated or recognized employee therefore develops a self worth into satisfaction and happiness while lack of appreciation and recognition demoralizes employees who may consequently develop negative attitude towards their jobs. Presence of stress in a work environment is another non-monetary factor that determines employees’ happiness and developed attitudes towards a job. Stress primarily reduces people’s level of happiness and utility. Stressed employees will therefore be unhappy and would not like their jobs while employees who work in a stress free environment are likely to be happy and like their jobs (Gaurav 9). Monetary factors Monetary factors define direct financial advancements to employees. Remunerations, rewards, and appraisal-based advancements are examples. Even though not regarded as principal determinant to employees’ satisfaction in a job, money is instrumental. Employees will for example be comfortable when their basic remunerations match their competence and their level of input to an organization. A relatively low remuneration level would therefore not satisfy an employee and would lead to unhappiness. An underpaid employee will also most likely not appreciate the job and would be ready to leave for an opportunity that can match competence with pay. An organization’s reward system is another monetary factor to employees’ satisfaction and happiness that is directly associated with non-monetary aspects of appreciation and recognition. A performance-based reward for example indicates an organization’s appreciation of an employees’ performance and initiates the employees’ satisfaction in the work. Rewarded employees will therefore be happy and satisfied in their work. Similarly, those who have

International Relations (The Caspian Sea Dispute) Essay

International Relations (The Caspian Sea Dispute) - Essay Example The interest encompassing oil extraction in Caspian region are commonly existent in several countries of the world in view of its significance to each individual country's benefit. For instance, the Caspian states regard the extraction of oil as a bonanza of future riches, potency and control. However, Caspian states are not the only ones to conceive these purviews, beside these interests are also cherished by the giant international oil companies such as BP, Amoco and Exxon etc with a view to boosting profitability. Besides, countries like United States, Russia, China, Iran and Turkey. All guided by the objective to gain maximum possible geopolitical advantages out of the region's oil exploration and exploitation. Hence, this paper sharpens the significance of this region for several interested parties and also explores the arousing international level conflicts concerning the geographic expedition and utilization of Caspian Sea's abounding oil resources. The internal and external politics in the Caspian region have led to the enormously growing contention among several countries. The internal importance of oil reserves in the region arises in Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan, where the oil is expected to free the countries from the claws of poverty, economic backwardness and Russian influence. The other country having substantial concerns for the region is Russia, which regards the exploration of oil in the region to be severely yoked with Russian 'internal security' matters. Finally the Caspian region is of international interest because of the region's potential to have ample reserves of unexplored oil, which can shape the fortune of several countries connected with it. As Frank Viviano (1998, pA1) propounds, "The oil boom in the Caspian basin promises to alter everything in its path- to erect a new El Dorado in desert wasted, fuel the economies of US and Europe, and re-order the global economy. It will also imperil thousands of years of tradition, setting its defenders against the tide of a glittering but deeply uncertain future." The foremost problem with the Caspian Sea's oil resources is that these reserves are not distributed equally across the sea, which has inseminated conflicts among the countries bordering it on the issue of maximum access to amplest oil. The major dispute held by the countries bordering the Caspian Sea i.e., Russia, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan and Iran is the application of international law for the usage of Caspian resources, arguing on the treatment of Caspian as sea or lake. Brice Clagett (1998, p4) illustrate that if the Caspian is to be handled as sea, the eminent beneficiaries would be Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan, as the resources of the sea would then be utilized by each country to the extent of a specified zone off the seashore under the international law. Both Russia and Iran, who had been historically sharing the Caspian Sea reserves, do not contain sufficient oil resources within their specified limits off the seashore. Therefore, they prefer the Caspian to be treat ed as a lake, enabling the countries to equally share the resources beneath the sea. Besides Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and other Caspian States, the most evident interest in Caspian Sea reserves is that of the Russian. Ozden Oktav (2005, p21) illuminates that "Russia has many economic and

Traumatic Brain Injury Issues among the Maori

Traumatic Brain Injury Issues among the Maori Michelle Anastacio Introduction Traumatic Brain Injury is one of the health issues that Maori people face nowadays. Traumatic brain injury or TBI is caused by a blow or by a traumatic shock to the head or body. The extent of harm may vary on numerous aspects, including how it occured and the severity of impact. According to Brain Injury Support, 90 New Zealanders per day, suffer from mild to severe brain injury and most of them doesn’t seek medical attention. In New Zealand, the large population that suffer from this injury are Moari clients and the most common causes of traumatic brain injury are falls, vehicular accidents and assult. The issue on TBI cases is not only for the increasing mortality rate for children but with the consequences of non-fatal TBI cases for adults as well. Abstract Traumatic head or brain injury is one of the leading cause of fatality and hospitalisation among rich and fast growing countries like New Zealand. This is more prevalent among Maori and Pacific children. This paper aims to help New Zealanders specially Maori clients to be more aware of the importance of seeking medical treatment after accidents that may result to serious head trauma. This is also to promote the existing practices and provisions that are accessible to Maoris and other ethnic group. This will help the healthcare providers check for improvements on health services concerning trauma and how they can better serve the Maori people. Topic Definition Traumatic Brain Injury is best define as an injury acquired from severe jolt or impact to the head that cause brain dysfunction. This type of injury is commonly a result of a violent blow on the head, an object that penetrates the head like a bullet, accidents like fall and vehicular accidents. It may as well include one or more of the following factors; damage to brain cells just below the area of the impact, multiple joint damage that caused the brain to move backwards and forward, bleeding in or around the brain,swelling or blod clot and unrepairable damage to brain cells caused by an explosive device. People that are more susceptible to TBI are newborns to four years of age, young adults between 15 to 24 and elderly aging 75 and older. The sign and symptoms of Traumatic Brain Injury or TBI depends on the level of trauma. TBI can be classified as mild, moderate to severe categories. The common physical symptoms of mild TBI are; loss of conciousness for few minutes, being dazed, confused or disoriented, headache,nausea and vomitting and change on sleep pattern.This can be associated by mental issues like agitation, sensitivity to light and sound. They may also display cognitive issues such as memory and concentration problem, mood changes and depression.Where as mild TBI clients may show signs like, persistent headaches that worsens, repeat nausea and vomitting, seizures,dilation of one or both pupils, appearance of clear fluid on nose or ears, numbness or weakness of fingers and toes. Cognetive or mental symptoms such as agitation, unusual behavior, slurred speech, coma or other disorders of conciousness. Although TBI can be categorized into 3 stages depending on their signs and symptoms, it is still essential to co nsult or visit a doctor. The term mild or moderate doesn’t mean a client is safe or won’t suffer any other consequences in the future. Traumatic Brain Injury can cause a person to have difficulty with social interaction and may have family relationship problems if not treated or was not given a proper attention. Traumatic Brain Injury can lead to several complications if its’ not assessed and treated correctly. TBI can lead to distorted conciousness like coma, locked in syndrome and brain death. It can also cause seizures, fluid build up infection for those who have skull breakage and damaged on brain cells or nerves that can lead to paralysis of face. The test and assessment of TBI is done with the aid of Glasgow Coma Scale. This scale helps healthcare professional to assess the severity of the injury. Further tests like computerized tomorgraphy scan or what we commonly call â€Å"CT Scan† and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides a detailed view of the brain for healthcare personnel to rapidly see any signs of TBI. Significance of the Discussion Since the number of Maori clients who suffer from traumatic brain injury is increasing and most of them don’t seek medical treatment or are not aware of how traumatic brain injury can affect their lives as well as how and what help they get from New Zealand Government. There are concerns that expalin on why traumatic brain injury among Maori is significant. Currently, the statistics of TBI cases here in New Zealand are still inaccurate due to the fact that some of the healthcare providers don’t have the proper coding of the injury. There are times that mild TBI injuries don’t seek further medical attention whick means there’s a huge possibility that they won’t make ACC claims and won’t be identified by ACC. Among children, unintentional head injuries are the leading cause of death in New Zealand specifically for children aging 1 to 14 years old. On the other hand, non-fatal head injuries cause a huge impact not only to the childs’ life but their families as well. The family members’ level of stress and accessibility of trauma services are the main concern. Adults, according to different studies 91% of Maori prisoners here in New Zealand suffered at least 1 head injury in their lives. The issue of Maori offenders in relation to behaviour issues that somehow connected to traumatic brain injury is increasing. Traumatic Brain Injury can incorporate serious public safety risks. Since, brain trauma can affect the behaviour of an individual, the Department of Corrections now provides programmes that supports the rehabilitation and corrections of any cognitive and mental issues of prisoners with TBI. These programmes aim to reduce the re offenders specially among Maori. It also essential that health care services will be well equiped and develop strategies to empower Maoris with the relevant oral and written information to cope with the difficulties brought by traumatic brain injuries. Barriers in improving services for Traumatic Brain Injury Though New Zealand Government and Ministry of Health know the importance of making sure that TBI clients get the proper attention, barriers to implement the procedures is one of the aspect that needs to be addressed. The Kaitiaki and Pacific Support is a group that helps Maori and Pacific Islanders by providing them with practical and emotional support. The main issue that they face in providing provision is the limit when it comes to their budget because they don’t have their own funds or resources and they often need to get an approval from social workers. There are times that families are hesitant to approach or accept help from Kaitiaki and Pacific Support because they mistake them as social workers and Maoris and Pacific are worried that they might take their child away. Language barrier is another factor why Maori and other ethnicity like Pacific don’t get the right help for a family member with TBI. These ethnic group are often cautious of their confidentiality. They think that if they’ll get an interpreter their privacy will be snatch from them. Another barrier that is connected to language is gathering the correct information. The key workers of the Kaitiaki and Pacific Support knows the significance of accurate information to ensure that the TBI client and family members are given the correct support,treatment and rehabilitation. Precise data not only save the clients and their family from wrong treatment but it also helps the healthcare personnels and be certain that the client and family members understand what needs to be done and the process of rehabilitation to accelerate the clients’ recovery. Printed or written information like booklets that are given to parents and children also needs to be comprehensive, to ensure they grasp the facts that they need. The increasing population and healthcare provision demands influence the delivery of health and disability services as well. Shortage on healthcare personnels and poor staff continuity becomes a burden. The process of transferring of a TBI client from one healthcare provision to another, from one hospital to other facility and the collection and administration of care methods from one staff to another. There are also times where family members are frustrated that they need to repeat the same information to differen healthcare professional staffs and they receive conflicting data from different health personnels that confuses them. The last difficulty that most client and families experience are the issues they undergo after hospital discharge. Since in most cases where TBI was classified as mild trauma, it is often overlooked by healthcarers that parents or guardians are not yet equiped with enough knowledge to handle or provide the proper care that the client needs. This can affect the speed or process of the clients’ recovery or can even worsen the situation. Current Best Practice to manage Traumatic Brain Injury in New Zealand The current practice in New Zealand to manage Traumatic Brain Injuries are the acute phase provision and rehabilitation. In most cases, TBI clients are cared by general practioners, emergency departments, accidents and medical provisions, ambulances, sport coaches and teachers at schools. Any suspected serious brain injuries are assessed in the nearest hospitals that provide services for assessment and treatment immediate results of TBI. There are still small number of TBI clients who are trasnported to tertiary hospitals for neurosurgical procedures. Most cases are assessed in the Emergency Department where patients are not admitted or only stay in the hospital for a short period or time. The next stage of TBI management is rehabilitation. There are several range of rehabilitation available in all major centers in New Zealand. The rehabilitation depends on the care the client needs. Clients who suffered from mild TBI are given assessment and Residential rehabilitation. This type of service provides support for mild TBI clients at the comfort of their own home. The aim of this programme is to help clients gain their maximum independence. There are DBH and Non DHB provisions that operates in New Zealand to support people with mild TBI for an early and timely assessment and rehab. Nowadays, there are seven concussion clinics in New Zealand for clients with mild TBI. On the other hand, people with moderate to severe TBI can access Non- Residential Rehabilitation. ACC offer two provisions for clients with severe TBI. These are Active Rehabilitation and Residential Support Services. Active Rehabilitation Services means client with moderate serious TBI are being cared in a community based facility. These are for clients that are medically stable but need support due to their cognitive or physical disabilitites. This service is not age specified except the Wilson Center that only caters TBI cases among children. The aim of this provision is to help clients to eventually re-enter or to go back to community. The duration of care on this type of rehabilitation may varry from few weeks to few months. Residential Support Services let clients to live in a home like environment as they get medical assistance 24 hours a day. This provision offer care for those who have serious TBI and are expected to recover on long period of time. The goal of this rehabilitation is to encourage independence while maintaining a safe environment for people who can’t live independently due to the consequences of TBI. This type of of rehabilitation is also called as â€Å"slow-stream† rehabilitation. Clients in these type of rehab are not necessarily expected to improve their levels of independence in a rapid or fast phase. Healthcare professional in this setting supports not only the medical needs of the clients but the physical and emotional needs as well. This provision is not maily focus on severe cases of TBI but for those who are unable to rehabilitate to the society. This type of rehab is only accessible to New Zealand residents who are under 65 years old and doesn’t have a l ong term disability that is not covered by ACC. Recently, a new project to best handle TBI rehabilitation was created. The Traumatic Brain Injury Residential Rehabilitation (TBIRR) project. This project replaced the Active Rehab services and Residential Rehab services. TBIRR have 3 vendors that brings a more qualified and rapid interventions. The North and upper South islands of NZ have two sites in Auckland and Wellington. The Canterbury and West Coast have a center based in Christchurch which is the Laura Ferguson Trust and the ISIS Center which is located in Dunedin covers the lower South Islands. According to Mr. Miller, â€Å"The new service recognises that early, intensive rehabilitation is crucial to a successful recovery, but the support provided must also be individually tailored and reflect clients’ changing needs as they become less dependent on full-time care.† Best Practice to manage the issues related to Traumatic Brain Injury Ministry of Health conducted researches and surveys to identify the gaps or rooms for improvent in providing care for trauma cases. According to MOH, the survey suggested that a specialisation in Traumatic Brain Injury will be the best practice to properly address the treatment and rehabilitation issues. More consumers supported the idea that it will be better if there will be TBI experts that will focus on TBI clients’ needs rather than the convenient widespread services that healthcare facilities currently offer. However, New Zealand healthcare providers are still reluctant to follow this practice because it suggests â€Å"centralization†. â€Å"References: Cavit, M. and Foster, A., (n.d.). Traumatic brain injuries among Corrections populations: implications and intervention strategies. Rectived from http://www.rethinking.org.nz/assets/Newsletter_pdf/Issue_81/06 TBI in Corrections Populations NZ 2010.pdf . Mayo Clinic Staff, 2014. Disease and Conditions. Traumatic Brain Injury. Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/traumatic-brain-injury/basics/prevention/con-20029302. Ameratunga, S. , Abel, S. , Tin tin, S. , Asiasiga, L. , Milne, S. and Crengle, S. (2010). Biomed Central. BMC Health Services Research Article, Children addmitted to hospital following unintentional injury: persperctives of health providers in Aoteroa/ New Zealand. New Zealand Guidelines Group (NZGG) , 2007. Evidence- Based Best Practice Guidline. Traumatic Brain Injury: Diagnosis, Acute Management and Rehabilitation. The Brain Injury Association of New Zealand Inc. Brain Injury New Zealand. [Online] 2007. [Cited: Feb 17, 2010.] http://www.brain-injury.org.nz Ministry of Health. Tatau Kahukura: Maori Health Chart Book, Public Health Intelligence Monitoring Report No. 5. Wellington : Ministry of Health, 2006 Well Said, 2013. New approach aims to enhance rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury. Retrieved from http://wellsaid.co.nz/noticeboard/notices/new-approach-aims-to-enhance-rehabilitation-after-traumatic-brain-injury/†

Leslie Brinkman at Versutia Capital Essay

Introduction Versutia Capital experienced some early success in its infancy due to the emotional attachment its employees had with the company and its leader, Leslie Brinkman. Leslie provided a team oriented, supportive environment based on her core values that, in turn, attracted a diverse group of talented staff members. Initially this appeared to be a great foundation for long-term success. Unfortunately, the recent deterioration of the company’s performance has revealed that Leslie’s leadership under pressure does not match the core values of her organization. Leslie Brinkman must now ask herself â€Å"How do I behave under pressure and what signals am I sending my employees?† 1 Analysis Under pressure, Leslie Brinkman behaves impatiently. During office hours, Leslie loses her temper over fluctuations in stock performance. As one analyst recalled, â€Å"You had to catch [Leslie] at a good moment †¦otherwise she might fly off the handle or jump down your throat.† 2 Outside of office hours, Leslie continues to ride her staff. One analyst recalled, â€Å"It was not unusual to go to dinner with friends to see that I had three emails from Leslie regarding stock positions †¦it was understood that I needed to respond, and if I did not, I would often receive a follow up from Leslie asking whether I had received her previous message.† 3 Under pressure, Leslie Brinkman is not team focused. Leslie does not allow time for staff collaboration. Staff work upwards of 12 hours per day and are expected to be available by Blackberry ’24/7†². 4 Analysts describe the work environment as stressful noting that Leslie puts undue pressure on them and frequently expresses her disappointment in a blunt, confrontational manner. An analyst noted, â€Å"I was feeling increasingly burdened†¦ and I wasn’t sure [Leslie] would be sympathetic.† 5 Leslie admits that morale is low and that it isn’t the team oriented atmosphere she had dreamed about when she created the firm.6 Recommendation Leslie needs to learn to identify her stress triggers and modify her behavior in those situations to ensure her actions align with her core values. If successful, the benefits will be two fold: (a) Leslie will benefit by becoming a positive role model for her staff; and (b) Versutia Capital will benefit by  increased team cohesion. 1Langton, N. & S. Robbins. â€Å"Values, Attitudes and Their Effect in the Workplace.† In Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, 3rd Canadian ed., (Pearson Prentice Hall. 2007), p.10. 2 Julie Battilana and Rob Kaplan â€Å"Leslie Brinkman at Versutia Capital†,HBS No. 9-407-089, (Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing, Rev: July 23, 2007), p.10. 3 Ibid.,p.8. 4 Ibid.,p.8. 5 Ibid.,p.10. 6 Ibid.,p.11. Action Steps Leslie must take responsibility, reflect and get help in order to successfully learn to identify her stress triggers and modify her behavior under pressure, so her actions reflect her core values. Primarily, Leslie must take responsibility. Leslie needs to immediately acknowledge that her leadership is the root cause of the dysfunction manifesting in the workplace. Secondly, Leslie must reflect. Leslie needs to take one week off of work (away from the office) to step back and gain perspective on her behavior, and the effect her leadership style is having on office dynamics. 7 Finally, Leslie must get help. Leslie does not have the skills to address this problem on her own as demonstrated by the array of questions she has come up with and the corresponding lack of answers. 8 Leslie needs to hire an executive coach to meet with her when she returns from her week long break, to help her map out what her specific stress triggers are, and how she can effectively deal with them. Conclusion Leslie Brinkman’s leadership under pressure does not match the core values of her organization. She must learn to identify her stress triggers and modify her behavior in those situations to ensure her actions align with her core values. If Leslie is able to do that by taking responsibility, reflecting, and getting help it will result in tangible benefits to her and her company. Bibliography Battilana, J. and Rob Kaplan â€Å"Leslie Brinkman at Versutia Capital†, HBS No. 9-407-089, Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing, Rev: July 23, 2007. Langton, N. & S. Robbins. â€Å"Values, Attitudes and Their Effect in the Workplace.† In Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, 3rd Canadian ed. Pearson Prentice Hall. 2007.